Food Science Shock

Nurhazwani Binte Salleh (0604625D)
Temasek Polytechnic, Applied Food Science and Nutrition
TA05_2
Subject: Food Safety

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PLEASE PROCEED TO FOOD SAFETY RESEARCH. THANK YOU.

Sunday, April 6, 2008 Task 3_Types of Potential Food Hazards

12:38 AM

Food hazards are substance that can cause dangerous effect and serious illness to the consumer.

There are 3 types of food hazards:

Biological hazards: They are hazards that come from living organism such as bacterias, viruses, parasites and even fungi. It can be cause directly by the micro-organism (vegetative cells) or by the toxins they produced. It can be found naturally in the raw material or from cross contamination due to poor hygiene practice.

Some of the common biological hazards:

Bacteria (spore forming)

Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Bacillus cereus

Bacteria (non-spore forming)
Listeria monocytogenes
Salmonella spp. (S. typhimurium, S. enteriditis)
Staphylococcus aureus
Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli 0157:1-17, EHEC, EIEC, ETEC, EPEC)

Viruses

Hepatitis A and E
Norwalk virus group
Rotavirus

Protozoa and Parasites

Trichinella spiralis

Chemical hazards: They can be organic(halogenated) or inorganic(heavy metals). It may be added into the food intentionally or unintentionally or even found naturally.

Naturally Occuring chemicals

Allergens
Mycotoxins (e.g. aflatoxin)
Mushroom toxins
Shellfish toxins

Added chemicals

Unintentionally:
Heavy metals (lead,cadmium,mercury)
Agricultural chemicals (Pesticides, Fertilizers, Antibiotics)
Contaminants (Lubricants, Cleaning agents, Sanitizers, Pest control chemicals)
From packaging materials (Vinyl chloride, Printing/coding inks, Adhesives)

Intentionally:
Food additives
Preservatives

Physical hazards: They are unwanted materials found in the raw materials or food product which can cause serious injury or illness.

Examples of physical hazards:

Material	Injury potential	Sources
Glass	Cuts, bleeding; may require surgery to find or remove	Bottles, jars, light fixtures, utensils, gauge covers, etc.
Wood	Cuts, infection, choking; may require surgery to remove	Field sources, pallets, boxes, building materials
Stones	Choking, broken teeth	Fields, buildings
Metal	Cuts, infection; may require surgery to remove	Machinery, fields, wire, employees
Insulation	Choking; long-term if asbestos	Building materials
Bone	Choking	Improper processing
Plastic	Choking, cuts, infection; may require surgery to remove	Packaging, pallets, equipment
Personal effects	Choking, cuts, broken teeth; may require surgery to remove	Employees

Accessed on 5th April 2008. Website:

http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8088E/w8088e05.htm#module%206%20%20%20list
%20all%20potential%20hazards%20associated%20with%20each%20step,
%20conduct%20a%20hazar

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